The birth of the camera phone happened on June 11th, 1997...

The birth of the camera phone happened on June 11th, 1997 when Phillippe Kahn used to a cell phone to send a picture of his newborn daughter to more than 2,000 people around the world. There was no proper device known as a camera phone before this, so Kahn hacked together a digital camera and a cell phone in order to send the photos in real time. Kahn later began LightSurf, a company that was hugely influential in picture messaging. LightSurf technology is still being used by Sprint, Verizon, and many other major carriers around the world. Today is an age of instant information. With a reach into most peoples pockets, they have instant access to world, local, and personal news; a tool to capture memories, and share them with friends, or†¦show more content†¦On the August 25th, 2012 Alex Nott was leaving a coffee shop outside of the Empire State Building, while on holiday from his home in the United Kingdom. As he was leaving the coffee shop, he noticed the sound of pops and people beginning to run, when he saw police gun down a man who had shot and killed his former employer, who was exiting the Empire State Building. Nott reached for his phone and began filming the aftermath of what he had just witnessed and then uploaded his perspective on what had just happened through the CNN iReport App, along with hundreds of other CNN iReporters. CNN was able to use the footage and later interview Nott on what he had witnessed and create a story about the incident. With the push of a button and being in the right (or wrong) place at the right (again†¦ or wrong) time, the media has given the power of journalism to the people. Anyone with a smart phone can essentially become a reporter. Now, whether this style of reporting is truly journalism is debatable, but that goes for mainstream media as a whole in this day and age. So does it take a college degree and an expensive camera to be a photojournalist? Two war photographers, in the same conflict, using two different mediums of photography to tell their extremely similar stories; David Guttenfelder and Erin Trieb. Guttenfelder used a â€Å"Polaroid† filter app with an iPhone to

Martin Luther King And Nelson Mandela - 880 Words

My essay is about the differences and similarities of two famous historical figures, Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela. Some of the topics I will cover include the backgrounds of the individuals, where are they from, the achievements and accolades and public perception of these people and my personal opinion about everything accomplished in their lives. Mandela and King have some similarities in their lives. Nelson Mandela was born in July 18, 1918 and was a South African against racial segregation and politician who served as President of South African from year 1994 to 1999. Also he was the first dark CEO and chose in popularity based decision. His legislature was based on the political sanctioned racial segregation handling organized prejudice and emphasizing racial compromise. He served as President of the African national Congress. Mandela was also a Secretary of the Non-aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999. Martin Luther King was born in January 15, 1929 as American pastor , leader activist and humanitarian for the afro-American civil right Movement. He was well known for his development of social liberties using peaceful common rebellions based on Christian convictions. He also was one of the best speakers in American society. Both were global icons and well respected by public figures worldwide and spiritual leaders. They lived parallel lives sacrificed everything to battle for the human rights. Also they were freedom fighters and recipient of the NobelShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King, And Nelson Mandela1678 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical leaders have transcendental ideas and beliefs, such as Martin Luther King, and Nelson Mandela, but there are many that do not conform to transcendental ideas, such as Alexander Hamilton and Joseph Stalin. It can also be noted that those who have transcendental ideas are 20th-century thinkers and politicians while those who are not transcendentalist thinker are 18th-century politicians. People such as Martin Luth er King and Nelson Mandela had their political career after the nineteenth-century transcendentalistRead MoreComparing Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela1041 Words   |  5 Pagesthat are comparable in both the lives of Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela. I. Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela performed similar actions in their lives. A. In 1955, Martin Luther King, Jr., fought for the civil rights of the black population in America. B. Similarly, in South Africa, Nelson Mandela fought for the freedom of blacks from apartheid. II. Another similarity between King and Mandela is that they had the same beliefs. A. King firmly supported his nonviolence protestRead MoreMahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and Nelson Mandela1504 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and Nelson Mandela Non-violence is a concept that people participate in social and political change without violence. It is a form of social and political change between passive acceptances and armed struggle. Non-violence way to participate in the social and political change is including nonviolent civil disobedience against, acts of civil disobedience or other powerful influence uncooperative antagonistic form; it is similar with pacifism, but it is notRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela2298 Words   |  10 Pagesaspirations were materialized because of firm beliefs and philosophies which were indoctrinated into the minds and crafted on the brains of their followers. â€Å"I have a dream† as laid down in the profound speech of Martin Luther King Jr. in August 1963; Ghandi’s belief of a changed Indian society; Nelson Mandela’s firm belief in freedom, to name a few, were realized decades after. However, undoubtedly these beliefs ‘dictated actions’, Be nnett (2009). Though not a great philosopher or freedom fighter, it isRead MoreBiography Of Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi, And Nelson Mandela1430 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership.The word leadership was once thought of as something that you were born with, hence the very popular saying Great leaders are born, not made (What Makes An Effective Leader). Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi, and Nelson Mandela were all great examples of people who were natural born leaders. These three leaders were very charismatic, which enabled them to gather many followers. To some extent, being born a leader was true because according to David Celeste, Qualities such as charismaRead MoreMohandas Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, and Martin Luther King Jr. were True Inspirations608 Words   |  2 PagesA man known as the â€Å"father of the Indian nation†, Mohandas Gandhi, also known as Mahatma, was a man of true inspiration. He inspired well known civil-rights leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela, and also revolutionary scientist Einstein. Gandhi was well known for using peaceful methods such as peace marches, boycotts, and sit-ins. Most people could call Gandhi the father of peace, for it was he who help the world recognize the effectiveness of non-violence. Gandhi’s peaceful ideals helpRead MorePeople Who Changed THE World1142 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity People Who Changed the World Nelson Mandela was one of the greatest social and political peacemakers that ever lived. His accomplishments were world changing. Mandela was not always able to pursue his democratic dreams nonviolently but that was his desire. Unfortunately, the South African Government felt it necessary to punish nonviolent protestors to discourage their cause (Book, 2009). As a leader in the African National Congress, (ANC), Mandela had to stay strong to be a contender inRead MoreGke 1 Task 21300 Words   |  6 PagesNelson Mandela was known as a world leader for his role in fighting apartheid and being the first multi-racial president of South Africa. His presidency created a significant change in the perception and building of a multiracial society in South Africa and around the world. Nelson Mandela was also known to be a leader of a civil rights organization known as the African National Congress. The purpose of the African National Congress was to demolish racial segregation and discriminati on. The two mostRead MoreLeaders for Social and Political Change1007 Words   |  5 Pagesas well as personal and political struggles. From the many injustices our predecessors have overcome, leaders have emerged. Individuals who will forever be revered by millions and will hopefully continue to inspire our youth. Nelson Mandela and Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. are two leaders that have greatly impacted not only their country, but the world. Both of these leaders had a significant impact on the people of their cause, both in a political aspect as well as for social change. InRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pagesaround human rights race relationships and power. In this paper, I will focus on the themes of racism, human rights, and power and how history makers such as Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, and Mahatma Gandhi (just to name these few) helped to redress them to an extent and how theirs efforts shape contemporary events. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on 15 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia and is one of the most remembered Human Rights Activists in America history. He is remembered for his nonviolent

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Performance Enhancing Drugs For Drugs Essay - 2078 Words

Running head: Performance enhancing drugs 1 9 Performance enhancing drugs Performance Enhancing Drugs ? Draft Thomas J. McCarthy Grand Canyon University: PCN-527 November 2, 2016 Performance Enhancing Drugs The role of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) can be found as far back as 776BC ? 393BC in the original Olympic Games. (Drug Use in Sports - Historical Timeline, 2013) Even back then, the athletes vied for huge cash prizes, as well as having the honor of wearing the olive wreath. These athletes ate meat, which was not a normal staple back then, as well as herbal medications, including hallucinogens, in an effort to boost their performances. In 100AD, Roman gladiators used stimulants and hallucinogens to avoid fatigue and possible injuries. Even during the Modern Olympic Games in 1904-1920, athletes were using PEDs, made up of a mixture of brandy and strychnine (a stimulant). In fact, one marathon runner nearly died from such a concoction. Other mixtures, besides strychnine, included the use of heroin, cocaine, and caffeine; until heroin and cocaine were only available in prescriptions in the 1920s. So, in 1928, the International Association of Athletics Foundation (IAAF), t he ruling body of track and field, became the first organization to prohibit ?doping? by athletes. On a side note, the term doping was attributed to the Dutch word ?doop?, which is an opium juice. Amphetamines were also used during WWII to combat fatigue in soldiers,Show MoreRelatedPerformance Enhancing Drugs. . Performance-Enhancing Drugs1580 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs Performance-enhancing drugs (PED s) have been an issue for many decades now for the medical and sports field. Olympic and professional athletes have been using them to gain an upper hand on the competition, but some may ask if it s really worth it? Studies show that performance-enhancing drugs have been proven to negatively affect the health of athletes who take them. Simply put, performance-enhancing drugs could either improve athletic performance or can be extremelyRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports1227 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs Sport records are becoming harder   to break and seeing records are starting to become a thing of the past.. Players aren’t being able to hit these home runs or score long touchdown’s. Injured   players are getting kicked off the team or even quit because they can’t get to their peak performance that they were at before they got injured.   If more players were to use performance enhancing drugs they would be able to compete to the performance of past players. A performanceRead MoreThe Prohibition Of Performance Enhancing Drugs1257 Words   |  6 PagesContinue the Prohibition of Performance Enhancing Drugs Sporting competitions either nationally or internationally have regulations to prohibit or inhibit the use of performance enhancing drugs (PED’s). There been a case for the lifting of these regulations to create sporting fair across all types of people. Craig Fry, an advocate for the use of performance enhancing drugs in elite sporting competitions and author of â€Å"Bring Truth into Play by Saying Yes to Drugs in Sport†, is an Australian healthRead More Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay1759 Words   |  8 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When most people think of performance-enhancing drugs the first thought that comes to their minds is the illegal ones like steroids, but today there are more non-illegal drugs like creatine and androstenedione for people today. Creatine is a chemical produced by the kidney and found in meat product. It helps muscles recover after a workout, which in turn helps athletes bulk up faster (Gregorian 5). Creatine is used by many of the nations top college sports teamsRead Moreâ€Å"Performance-Enhancing Drugs in the Workplace† Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Performance-Enhancing Drugs in the Workplace† Performance-enhancers are becoming more common in our everyday life, despite our efforts to ban them. This raises the questions, should we just accept these drugs and use them to our advantage? Or should we continue to resist these drugs and not take advantage of their performance-enhancing capabilities? When you start talking about organizations like the military, where Soldiers are ask to go beyond the normal physical and mental stress of a regularRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Professional Sports1703 Words   |  7 Pagesthe use of performance enhancing drugs. The debate on whether or not performance enhancing substances should be allowed in professional sports has been going on for years, decades even. Many believe that using steroids and other performance enhancers should automatically disqualify an athlete from ever being able to be a member of the Hall of Fame, in sports in general, not just in Major League Baseball. However, there is an argument to be made to make the use of performance enhancing drugs legal inRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Performance Enhancing Drugs1364 Words   |  6 Pagesway. In this paper, the ethical dilemma of performance enhancing drugs being used in sports will be addressed and be given solution based on the Christian worldview. Ethical Dilemma This case involves Paul, who is a promising young athlete, who works hard and has a good spot on his team. He is constantly putting in training to get better and it has been paying off. He notices that some of his teammates have been trying out a new performance enhancing drug. It is not illegal, but it still improvesRead MoreSports and Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance enhancing drugs in todays pro sports have become a big deal, because of health stimulants and the benefits that such studies have on good development of the person and on fair athletic games. Pediatricians or trainers can play a huge role in helping the athlete or player that is using or taking performance enhancing drugs. By taking factual info about the true benefits and medical problems of these drugs and giving information about healthy food and working out. Tries to create a changeRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned1645 Words   |  7 Pagesrules by using performance enhancing drugs each year. Performance enhancing drugs help athletes to becomes bigger, faster, and overall better at their individual sport. This process is called doping. Doping can be defined as using drugs and various substances to better perform at a particular task. Furthermore, these athletes act in the moment and fail to see all aspects of these performance enhancing drugs. Contradictorily, some individuals argue that performance enhancing drugs should in fact beRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Allowed2071 Words   |  9 Pagesis whether performance enhancing drugs should be allowed. According to the free dictionary, performance enhancing drugs is defined as â€Å"Any drug used to gain an advantage in sports. Such drugs may improve endurance or strength or accelerate healing after injury†. Performance enhancing drugs was first acknowledged as a problem in professional sports in 1967 when the international Olympic committee created a medical board due to the heightened use. Today there are seven types of performance enhancers

Human Relations and Scientific Management Free Essays

Ha Chi K50BF During the period of the nineteen and twenty century, the world industry had reshaped itself with the new present of technology and information transfer in new manner. In the complex situation of the economy, F. W Taylor(1856-1917), published his principles in managing which was called Scientific Management and had been popular as the core managing style for various business models up to now. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Relations and Scientific Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scientific Management focuses on logical task provision and maximising productivity based on task performance. A few years after Taylor’ death, Elton Mayo(1880-1949) made a significant movement in managing perception rooted in Hawthorne ‘s experiences at an electric company. The new perception quoted that managing an organisation was not only maximising productivity, it was also about satisfy organisation internal people ‘s needs. By this way or another, there are gain and loss, which will be clarified hereafter. To begin with gain by each approach, Scientific in particular, providing logical principles in working processes in a manner of analysing discrete tasks, finding one best way in practise, choosing suitable people respectively to accomplish the tasks. By this way, clear tasks were for clear individuals which helps increasing productivity by assigning right people for the right jobs, avoiding responsibility denying and easier in measuring work performance. Scientific Management was the orthodox foundation in modern business management models. Later revolution in managing had relied on its principles up to now. Besides that, Human relations Approach did have pretty different in perception. It had pointed out the important in human behaviour at work and the development of management thinking. In this case, managers behaviour was a vital aspect of motivation and improved performance. Furthermore, maintaining good relation among group of people, sharing feelings with staffs emphasised on the needs of social organization and generating working motivation as well as creating somehow group values and norm. The importance of organization has been pushed up to a high level that had never mentioned in other Human relations perception. Continuing with the bad sides of both approaches, Scientific Management Approach had ignored the interaction among organisations. Although it motivated employees by monetary reward, it refused to sympathy to employees’ concerns and feelings. As a result, works became a routine and boring, workers were treated as manufacturing machines, they were made light of dignity then they gradually losing interest in work. In addition, training process was kind of waste money. It was pointed out that, one in eight trainees was capable to job requirements( porter job). In recent practise, Human Relation Approach are popular in any industries, people choosing a job is not only for high salary, but also appreciate to good working environment, extra incentives and social needs from organisations. Nowadays, Scientific Management is still relevant to some extent such as work assignments, salary based performance( in hospitality job). Overall, there are different points in this two conceptions. However, Human relations Approach is seemed that more innovate and practical method in business management. The managers decide to use which method or even combination need to consider further factors such as major, economy and so on to establish a good strategy. Case study DELL How to cite Human Relations and Scientific Management, Papers

PESTAL for china airlines free essay sample

PESTLE analysis would be used in order to figure out external macro environment of China Airlines. by examining political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental issues and trends of Taiwan within 1959 and 2009 time period. http://www. oxlearn. com/arg_Marketing-Resources-PESTLEMacro-Environmental-Analysis_11_31 Political Republic of China was established in 1911 and took under its control territory of China. After World War 2 it took Taiwan Island, which earlier belonged to Japan. However, during Civil War Republic of China lost its power and had to settle down in Taiwan. But it did not want to be under control of People’s Republic of China, moreover, it maintained that it was the valid government of Taiwan and mainland China as well. So, the relations between mainland China and Taiwan were frozen until 2007. Things became worth, when United Nations (UN) officially accepted the communist People’s Republic of China as Taiwan’s government. First, it lost its membership in International Civil Aviation Organization. (Why it was important? What caused? ). Also, due to the tight political relationships of People’s Republic of China with some countries, CAL lost international carrier contracts with Japan, Malaysia, Korea, Canada and Australia. One more example of political tension between Taiwan and mainland China happened when China Airlines accused mainland China of internationally attacking the plane with the missile. In 1991, CAL had to enter into joint venture with Koos Development Corporation and form Mandarin Airlines, in order to have an opportunity to operate in Canada and Australia. The other wise decision was to rebrand the company. There was a Republic of China’s national flag on the symbol of CAL at the beginning. First, it could seem that CAL supports ROC, and trying to participate in political dissension and it can cause resentment from the civilian population, secondly, it might countries which sympathize PRC or countries which wanted to keep neutrality. So, in order to avoid the influence of political situation of Taiwan on the airline as much as it is possible, CAL decided to change its symbol into pink plum blossoms and create new slogan-â€Å"blossom every day†. Thus, neutral brand image helped CAL to cooperate with several European cities as Amsterdam, Rome, Frankfurt and Vienna. Only in 2008, when Ma Ying-jeou became the president of Taiwan, significant steps on improvement of relationships between mainland China and Taiwan were taken. Improvement of the political situation positively influenced CAL. Eight Taiwan and five mainland China’s airports opened for flight operations. This helped to minimize the flight time of CAL carriers, which caused the reduction of operational costs and increase in passenger flow due to the direct flights, which were undoubtedly cheaper than traveling by transit. Eleven airlines from mainland China and Taiwan started to operate 18 flights in each direction, be October 2008. Good political relationships with mainland China allowed CAL to enter into agreements with Chinese airlines. It agreed with China Cargo Airlines and China Southern Airlines to exchange cargo space, which produced win-win outcomes for all three airlines (ann rep, 2008), besides, CAL got an opportunity to join SkyTeam alliance. (Which what). CAL started to cooperate with Chunghwa Post Co. in delivery of daily mail and postal goods to China. Expanded cross-strait flight agreement, signed on April 2009, allowed to increase passenger flights from 108 in 2008 to 270, and cargo flights from 30 in 2008 to 112 return services per month in 2009. CAL started 55 scheduled direct flights to 13 cities in mainland China. However, improvement of the political situation with mainland China and opening cross-strait routs allowed expansion not only for CAL, but for Chinese airlines as well, which means that CAL experienced strong competition. From the low cost mainland China airlines. Economic The Chirman of China Airlines Philip Wei states that â€Å"about 1 million of Taiwanese business people doing business in China. They constantly go back and forth between the two sides†. The other point is that, when people have jobs, they have money, wich they can spend on flights. Thus, unemployment rate of Taiwan is directly correlated with the passenger flow. National Statistics, Republic of China reports that starting from the 1978 to 2010 unemployment in Taiwan had an upward trend, http://www. tradingeconomics. com/taiwan/unemployment-rate, and the averageunemployment within this period was 2. 95 %. unemployment in Taiwan within this period reached its highest point in 2009 and lowest in 1981, which accounted for 6. 13% and 0. 86% respectively. In general unemployment rate of Taiwan had an upward trend, which means that, first, less and less people had an opportunity to travel by plane, because of absence of work and as a result absence of money; and second, less people are doing business in China and travel there. So, it can be said that unemployment rate of Taiwan within 1978-2010 time period negatively influenced airline businesses as a result China Airline Ltd. Despite the fact that political situaion and unemployment rate of Taiwan was not positive GDP of Taiwan during 1950-2010 had an upward going trand. An average economic growth of Taiwan over 1950-2010 was 8,10%, http://brage. bibsys. no/nhh/bitstream/URN:NBN:no-bibsys_brage_23799/1/Braaten%202010. pdf, during almost the half of the century Taiwan transformed from having a poor, agrarian to a developed economy. It can be seen from figure 2, that Taiwan’s growth rates exceed world economy almost in all years within 1951-1999 time period, however, in 1973 and 1979 it dropped dramatically, mainly because of the oil price shocks. As it was mentioned in the case, rising profits of CAL were paused because of oil crisis in 1973. However, oil shocks negatively influenced not only CAL, but the whole Taiwan. Increase in price for oil, deceased the revenue for airlines, because it can be seen from the financial statistics that operating revenues minus operating expenses give operating profits of the company. Increase of price for fuel increase operating expenses of CAL and other airlines, thus, reducing operating profits. And taxes for government are taken from the operating profits, which means that the less CAL got in operating profit, the less amount of money could be got from tax. Annual report of CAL in 2009 defines that in recent years aviation again suffered from the rising of fuel prices (Annual rep. 2009). For instance, in 2007 when competitors from mainland China presented profits, CAL suffered from loss of NT$2. 52billion due to the increasing costs for fuel and certain situational factors (Ann rep. 2007). Social Since the establishment of CAL in 1959, population of Taiwan had grown to 23000000 people by 2010 (figure 1), which means that potential market for sale had also grown. http://www. iatss. or. jp/common/pdf/en/iatss/composition/7CountriesReport_en_03Taiwan. pdf The more people in the country the better for the companies, because there are more chances to gain profits when population accounts for the 23000000 (figure 3), than when it is 15927167as it was in 1974 (http://www. iatss. or. jp/common/pdf/en/iatss/composition/7CountriesReport_en_03Taiwan. pdf) Life expectancy of Taiwanese citizens increased as well (figure 5), for instance, the average life expectancy of Taiwanese person reached for 78. 15 years by 2010. http://www. indexmundi. com/g/g. aspx? c=twv=30 This means that the number of retired people had increased. Most often, people in retirement spent their time for leisure, traveling. (find what old taiwaneese do) That is why; people in retirement are potential clients for CAL. On the other hand, there was a decrease in birth rate (http://uk. reuters. com/article/2010/04/02/us-taiwan-economy-birthrate-idUKTRE6310LD20100402 ). High per cent of retired citizens in accordance with the small birth rate meant that there were little workforce in Taiwan, so, the cost for labour increased with the increase in life expectancy rate and decrease in birth rate. Besides, it can influence not only workforce of the country, but the brainpower. Old people are less able for innovations, for development of new abilities, concentration is also, lower , than young generation. From this point of view, company could experience difficulties with the workforce for the company. CAL is actively involved in charity programs, mainly to support children, indigent families and young students (Ann. rep 2009). For instance, in 2009 CAL and the ROC Red Cross Society held fund-raising activity called â€Å"Making Dreams Come True†. China Airlines donated more than NT$1. 39 million, obtained from in-flight duty-free sales, to support poor families and subsidize living cost of young students (Ann rep 2009). Such actions tiny, but help to increase the level of life of Taiwanese, and indirectly can influence increase in number of educated people in the country, which is important for CAL itself, because it is a huge company, which need a lot of qualified employees. http://www. everyculture. com/Sa-Th/Taiwan. html Taiwan has diversified culture, †¦ CAL always tried to support cultural heritage and share it with other nationalities. That is why, CAL involve itself in social-benefit activities, helps to promote tourism, culture, arts and sports events (Ann. Rep 2009). For example, in 2009 CAL in accordance with Taiwan’s biggest bicycle brand, named Giant, promoted the â€Å"Cycling Paradise Taiwan† campaign in order to attract overseas travelers and share warm friendship of Taiwanese people and their diverse culture (Ann rep 2009). Moreover, Taiwanese government launched a project on increase of the number of tourists in the country (ann rep, 2007). China Airlines actively support this project and offers its resources to attract international tourists and media. (ann rep, 2007). This social involvement of CAL, beneficial for both: government and the company itself, because on the one hand, the flow of tourist can increase the GDP of the country, as they are potential on the other hand, tourists are potential clients of CAL, and the more number of tourist visit the county, the higher can be profits if CAL. It, also, support sport events, than as well can increase tourism in the country, which beneficial for CAL (ann rep 2007). Technological Much of Taiwan’s achievement in science and technology is attributable to public support for applied scientific development. Government-sponsored agencies, such as the Industrial Technology Research Institute and the National Applied Research Laboratories, have played important roles in advancing Taiwan’s scientific and technological development by conducting research, aiding RD in the private sector and exploring new technologies. To maintain Taiwan’s competitive edge in information technology, the government, industry and universities are active in efforts to develop cloud computing by rolling out new designs and supporting the creation of a Taiwan Cloud Valley For many years, Taiwan has ranked among the top five countries for the number of patents issued by the U. S. Patent and Trademark Office. It was the No. 3 recipient of all types of U. S. patents over the period 1977 to 2011. In terms of output of scientific papers, Taiwan ranked 16th worldwide in 2010 for the number of papers published in journals tracked in Thomson Reuters’ Science Citation Index, and ninth for those published in journals tracked in the organization’s Engineering Index. CAL owns world biggest-capacity 120000 pound engine test cell which allows maintaining its own aircraft engines and those of other aerospace companies and airline fleets in East Asia. Additionally, it is valuable and well organized because it shortens maintenance time, improves quality and helps with the recruitment of clients and the reduction of flight safety costs. The latest technology and high cost make this resource rare and hard to imitate. One more technological invention added by CAL is located at the High-Speed Rail Taoyuan Station. It offers flight check-in, baggage check-in and boarding pass insurance, which saves passenger’s time and relieves from lugging his/her baggage around. Besides, it provides 25% discount on the rail ticket, which is purchased together with CAL ticket. First of all this resource provides travelers with insurance, discount on tickets and convenience while making check-in if they have heavy luggage. Secondly, it is rare, as no other Taiwanese company can offer such service to their customers. Thirdly, it is difficult to copy this resource as other companies will have to make contract with such train stations in order to cooperate with them and finally it will be costly. Concerning organizational part of VRIO framework, this process is planned and well organized. http://www. ey. gov. tw/en/cp. aspx? n=437415b51c1b5b5a Environmental With the high development of Taiwan, it suffers big environmental problems. With the beginning of usage of mountain resources of Taiwan, it started to suffer from pollution of water, soil erosion, landslides, forest fires, sedimentation of reservoirs. (http://twgeog. geo. ntnu. edu. tw/english/environment/environment_problems. htm ) Airline business seriously pollutes the environment, because plains need a lot of fuel, and the testing machines and other equipment also, bring damage to the environment. Big cities as Taipei and Kaohsiung mostly suffer from

Recording Studio Technology and the Producer free essay sample

The goal of getting a good sound Is no deferent now than t was when the first recordings were made, but the Idea of what a good sound Is and how it should be achieved are radically different. Role of the recording producer in popular music is very important; the producer plays a very big part in the realization of a composition by deciding what technology should be used and how to use it. Interplay between the musician, record producer and engineer Is critical to the recording process. However, what is eventually fixed to tape must first be composed around the Limitations of the available technology.Thus the most direct interactions between music and technology occur during composition and realization. There are a number of record producers who have become famous for their distinctive sound and their particular techniques and application of varied developments of studio technology. Some producers take much advantage of the technology available to them, whilst others seem to prefer to employ more classical techniques of record production. Tending to shy away from the Increasing practice of digital studio technology. Robinson, well known for producing Dun-metal bands such as corn,Stoniness, Limp Biz and Soulful, generates his own distinctive sound. Robinson focuses more on capturing the soul and spirit of the music that he produces. He does this by resisting the use of digital technology and continuing to use analogue, stating that C]the dealt realm Is very trendy, and Its not a very permanent sound, Its Just too synthetic, It doesnt come from flesh and blood. (R. Robinson. Quoted by A. Presort. Ross Robinson: The Art of a Record Producer [online]. Available from: here=http:// www. Users. Bighorn. Com/perturbations. Com>http://www. Users. Spoon. Com/ operator/Robinson. Com. [Accessed 02/06/01]. ) Another producer known for his creation of a specific sound is Butch MGM, who became famous for his work on the album Cindering by Nirvana. (1991, Gaffe). Butch Big had a tendency to record everything dry, steering away from the use of effects when recording. He would use quite a lot of compression on Kurt Cabins vocals so that he could control his dynamics, and would also do some double- tracking. would record the guitars In a very different way, with a great emphasis on the use of distortion.On the track breed, Cabin used a Rat distortion pedal which Nas run to the board to create a Fuzzy white-noise kind of sound (Butch Big, from R. Buskin: Butch Big. Talking Garbage. [online] available from: html>http://soups. Co. UK/so/199/ _articles/mark//bitching. HTML. [accessed 29/05/01]). Working with the band Garbage promoted a different take on producing for Dutch Big. Instead of simply producing the band, he was also a member of it. Samplers played a huge part in Figs work in Garbage, unlike with Nirvana, where cording was based primarily on live instruments. 01 got bored spending so many [ears recording really fast, straightforward punk records, so thats why we didnt Ant to approach the Garbage record from the angle of a band playing live. Instead it Nas like We can record 47 guitars on this song, mix it down to a stereo sample, then run it backwards, record another 20 guitars and process them so that they sound like percussion instrument. . (Butch Big, from R. Buskin: Butch Big.Talking Garbage. [online] available from: http://soups. Co. UK/so/199/_articles/mark//bitching. HTML. [accessed 29/05/01]). Like many other producers, Big used studio technology as an add-on to the instruments, and this affected the ways in which the songs were written and laid down. 0 The way that we work is that someone will bring in a loop or a sample, and En might Jam for a couple of hours, find one bar thats kind of cool, load it into our samplers, Jam on top of that. ND then well take that home, come back, Jam on it some more, record some more things, add and subtract. .. . (Butch Big, from R. Buskin: Butch Big. Talking Garbage. [online] available from: co. uk/ sos/199/_articles/mar9//butchvig. html>http://soups. Co. UK/so/199/_articles/mark// Richard D. James, performer and producer, more popularly known as Apex Twin, uses his computer as his primary instrument, an increasingly popular method of production and composition in todays music industry. The technology available to lames plays a great part in the creative process of his compositions. James makes a lot of his own equipment and through this is able to experiment with his own electronic sounds, which he develops to create his tracks, relying greatly on the randomness of the sounds that are produced. This allows him to constantly create new, distinctive sounds, which he brings together in his compositions. l got a little sick of the idea of using the same machines and sounds as other people and meanwhile I have collected so many sounds that I can go on for years. (Passes, R lost De Loser. Richard D. James. [online]. Available from: http://www. Phosphate. Org/reading/ [accessed on 29/05/01]) BRB>Recording trends in todays music industry tend to lean towards the use of digital studio technology. This has meant that many artists are capable of producing their own material, and has resulted in the growth of the home studio, especially since digital technology is much more compact than the old analogue equipment. These days, some of the best studios have desks no bigger than a coffee table and home studios often feature similar desks. Digital mixers have changed the way we Branch, A.Digital Mixing. [online]. Available from: uk/fm_mmusic. asp? D=4089>http://www. Futuristic. Co. UK/ FM_music. Asp? Old=4089. [Accessed 05/06/01]). Despite the continuing growth of the use of digital studio technology by artists and their own production, the role of the record producer still remains vital in the context of both the creative and commercial concerns of todays music industry, Neither the producer is independent or the artist themselves. The Record Producer may be thought of as the Ring Leader of the music production chain.Producers have a lot of control over the entire recording project including creative decision aging based on the experience of the producer. The selection of songs used in a project as well as the responsibility of the final product belongs to the producer. (1999. Record Producers. [online]. Available from: http:// [accessed 29/05/01]) A record producer is able to give an independent view of an artists work and how it should sound. They are also more likely to know what technologies are available and which would be best suited to the style of the artist.Also, many reducers have affiliations with a particular record company, this relationship is vital in ensuring that an artist can obtain a deal with the record company in question and the producer will be able to conceive what kind of sound the record label is looking for. The creative context of the role of the producer, the producer often aids the composition and development of an artists work. Sometimes the artist does very little Nor compared to the producer and there may be times when all the artist has to do IS turn up and sing.The producer helps to decide how tracks should be laid down ND what should be included in each track. Production can sometimes be about arranging or optimizing arrangements. This is about coming up with, and organizing, all the bits that will comprise the finished record. (Burgess, R. D. (1997) The Art of Record Production. Up. 52. Omnibus Press. ) With the introduction of computer software such as Steinberg Scubas VS. Virtual studio technology), many artists are becoming their own producers.Artists are able to produce music single-handedly through these programmer, using them to create multi- track Recordings all through a MIDI keyboard, as well as being able o record and arrange audio, allowing artists to concentrate on the creative process, Nile the computer does the rest of the work. These days, the widespread use of digital technology allows producers to manipulate recorded sound in unprecedented ways. Producers can also sample a perfect note or riff, and insert it into the accompanying music as many times as necessary to create an instrumental back-up thats completely error-free.It is also possible to achieve the perfect pitches on vocals, meaning that anyone lacking all musical talent, could sing and be made to sound as though they have a perfectly need voice. The record producer is able to work with studio technology to help a band or artist to develop a particular style. Producers know what kind of sounds are Producers, along with studio technology, play a significant role in the creative and commercial process within the music industry, allowing bands and artists to develop their individual sounds, as well as helping them to produce a sound which will be appealing to their specific audience.